Sarah Hilton has been a business examiner for over 20 years and a business teacher for longer. She is now a teacher trainer, business teacher and qualification developer. She runs the website revisionstation which provides smashing business teaching resources at budget prices.
Sarah Hilton has been a business examiner for over 20 years and a business teacher for longer. She is now a teacher trainer, business teacher and qualification developer. She runs the website revisionstation which provides smashing business teaching resources at budget prices.
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Characteristics and skills required
b) Reasons why people set up businesses:
o financial motives: profit maximisation and profit
satisficing
o non-financial motives: ethical stance, social
entrepreneurship, independence and home working
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Creating and setting up a business
b) Running and expanding/developing a business
c) Innovation within a business (intrapreneurship)
d) Barriers to entrepreneurship
e) Anticipating risk and uncertainty in the business environment
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
1.3.1
Product/service
design
a) Design mix:
o function
o aesthetics
o cost
b) Changes in the elements of the design mix to reflect
social trends:
o concern over resource depletion: designing for waste
minimisation, re-use and recycling
o ethical sourcing
1.3.2
Branding and
promotion
a) Types of promotion
b) Types of branding
c) The benefits of strong branding:
o added value
o ability to charge premium prices
o reduced price elasticity of demand
d) Ways to build a brand
o unique selling points (USPs)/differentiation
o advertising
o sponsorship
o the use of social media
e) Changes in branding and promotion to reflect social
trends:
o viral marketing
o social media
o emotional branding
1.3.3
Pricing strategies
a) Types of pricing strategy:
o cost plus (calculating mark-up on unit cost)
o price skimming
o penetration
o predatory
o competitive
o psychological
b) Factors that determine the most appropriate pricing
strategy for a particular situation:
o number of USPs/amount of differentiation
o price elasticity of demand
o level of competition in the business environment
o strength of brand
o stage in the product life cycle
o costs and the need to make a profit
c) Changes in pricing to reflect social trends:
o online sales
o price comparison sites
1.3.4
Distribution
a) Distribution channels
b) Changes in distribution to reflect social trends:
o online distribution
o changing from product to service
1.3.5
Marketing strategy
a) The product life cycle
b) Extension strategies:
o product
o promotion
c) Boston Matrix and the product portfolio
d) Marketing strategies appropriate for different types of
market:
o mass markets
o niche markets
o business to business (B2B) and business to
consumer (B2C) marketing
e) Consumer behaviour – how businesses develop
customer loyalty
1.4.1
Approaches to
staffing
a) Staff as an asset; staff as a cost
b) Flexible workforce:
o multi-skilling
o part-time and temporary
o flexible hours and home working
o outsourcing
c) Distinction between dismissal and redundancy
d) Employer/employee relationships
o individual approach
o collective bargaining
1.4.2
Recruitment,
selection and
training
a) Recruitment and selection process:
o internal versus external recruitment
b) Costs of recruitment, selection and training
c) Types of training:
o induction
o on-the-job
o off-the-job
1.4.3
Organisational
design
a) Structure:
o hierarchy
o chain of command
o span of control
o centralised and decentralised
b) Types of structure:
o tall
o flat
o matrix
c) Impact of different organisational structures on business
efficiency and motivation
1.4.4
Motivation in theory
and practice
a) The importance of employee motivation to a business
b) Motivation theories:
o Taylor (scientific management)
o Mayo (human relations theory)
o Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
o Herzberg (two factor theory)
c) Financial incentives to improve employee performance:
o piecework
o commission
o bonus
o profit share
o performance-related pay
d) Non-financial techniques to improve employee
performance:
o delegation
o consultation
o empowerment
o team working
o flexible working
o job enrichment
o job rotation
o job enlargement
1.4.5
Leadership
a) Leadership:
o the distinction between management and leadership
b) Types of leadership style:
o autocratic
o paternalistic
o democratic
o laissez-faire
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Leadership:
o the distinction between management and leadership
b) Types of leadership style:
o autocratic
o paternalistic
o democratic
o laissez-faire
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) The importance of employee motivation to a business
b) Motivation theories:
o Taylor (scientific management)
o Mayo (human relations theory)
o Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
o Herzberg (two factor theory)
c) Financial incentives to improve employee performance:
o piecework
o commission
o bonus
o profit share
o performance-related pay
d) Non-financial techniques to improve employee
performance:
o delegation
o consultation
o empowerment
o team working
o flexible working
o job enrichment
o job rotation
o job enlargement
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Structure:
o hierarchy
o chain of command
o span of control
o centralised and decentralised
b) Types of structure:
o tall
o flat
o matrix
c) Impact of different organisational structures on business
efficiency and motivation
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Recruitment and selection process:
o internal versus external recruitment
b) Costs of recruitment, selection and training
c) Types of training:
o induction
o on-the-job
o off-the-job
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Staff as an asset; staff as a cost
b) Flexible workforce:
o multi-skilling
o part-time and temporary
o flexible hours and home working
o outsourcing
c) Distinction between dismissal and redundancy
d) Employer/employee relationships
o individual approach
o collective bargaining
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
1.2.1
Demand
a) Factors leading to a change in demand:
o changes in the prices of substitutes and
complementary goods
o changes in consumer incomes
o fashions, tastes and preferences
o advertising and branding
o demographics
o external shocks
o seasonality
1.2.2
Supply
a) Factors leading to a change in supply:
o changes in the costs of production
o introduction of new technology
o indirect taxes
o government subsidies
o external shocks
1.2.3
Markets
a) The interaction of supply and demand
b) The drawing and interpretation of supply and demand
diagrams to show the causes and consequences of price
changes
1.2.4
Price elasticity of
demand
a) Calculation of price elasticity of demand
b) Interpretation of numerical values of price elasticity of
demand
c) The factors influencing price elasticity of demand
d) The significance of price elasticity of demand to
businesses in terms of implications for pricing
e) Calculation and interpretation of the relationship
between price elasticity of demand and total revenue
1.2.5
Income elasticity of
demand
a) Calculation of income elasticity of demand
b) Interpretation of numerical values of income elasticity of
demand
c) The factors influencing income elasticity of demand
d) The significance of income elasticity of demand to
businesses
1.1.1
The market
a) Mass markets and niche markets:
o characteristics
o market size and market share
o brands
b) Dynamic markets:
o online retailing
o how markets change
o innovation and market growth
o adapting to change
c) How competition affects the market
d) The difference between risk and uncertainty
1.1.2
Market research
a) Product and market orientation
b) Primary and secondary market research data
(quantitative and qualitative) used to:
o identify and anticipate customer needs and wants
o quantify likely demand
o gain insight into consumer behaviour
c) Limitations of market research, sample size and bias
d) Use of ICT to support market research:
o websites
o social networking
o databases
e) Market segmentation
1.1.3
Market positioning
a) Market mapping
b) Competitive advantage of a product or service
c) The purpose of product differentiation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) The product life cycle
b) Extension strategies:
product
promotion
c) Boston Matrix and the product portfolio
d) Marketing strategies appropriate for different types of market:
mass markets
niche markets
business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) marketing
e) Consumer behaviour – how businesses develop customer loyalty
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Distribution channels
b) Changes in distribution to reflect social trends:
online distribution
changing from product to service
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Types of pricing strategy:
cost plus (calculating mark-up on unit cost)
price skimming
penetration
predatory
competitive
psychological
b) Factors that determine the most appropriate pricing strategy for a particular situation:
number of USPs/amount of differentiation
price elasticity of demand
level of competition in the business environment
strength of brand
stage in the product life cycle
costs and the need to make a profit
c) Changes in pricing to reflect social trends:
online sales
price comparison sites
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Types of promotion
b) Types of branding
c) The benefits of strong branding:
added value
ability to charge premium prices
reduced price elasticity of demand
d) Ways to build a brand
unique selling points (USPs)/differentiation
advertising
sponsorship
the use of social media
e) Changes in branding and promotion to reflect social trends:
viral marketing
social media
emotional branding
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Design mix:
function
aesthetics
cost
b) Changes in the elements of the design mix to reflect social trends:
concern over resource depletion: designing for waste minimisation, re-use and recycling
ethical sourcing
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Calculation of income elasticity of demand
b) Interpretation of numerical values of income elasticity of demand
c) The factors influencing income elasticity of demand
d) The significance of income elasticity of demand to businesses
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Calculation of price elasticity of demand
b) Interpretation of numerical values of price elasticity of demand
c) The factors influencing price elasticity of demand
d) The significance of price elasticity of demand to businesses in terms of implications for pricing
e) Calculation and interpretation of the relationship between price elasticity of demand and total revenue
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a)The interaction of supply and demand
b) The drawing and interpretation of supply and demand diagrams to show the causes and consequences of price changes
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Factors leading to a change in supply:
changes in the costs of production
introduction of new technology
indirect taxes
government subsidies
external shocks
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
